True cost of Mycoplasma synoviae in commercial layers

Up until now 25 named mycoplasma species have been isolated from the various poultry species. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) both occur in chickens, turkeys and other avian species and cause severe economic losses. Although Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been largely freed from poultry breeding stocks and is well controlled in broiler breeders, broilers and layer breeders, it still continues to persist in many multi-age commercial layer operations globally, resulting i