Super-dosing effects of phytase in poultry and swine

Phytases have been used commercially since the early 1990s and have been the focus of considerable and sustained research for many decades.   Despite this heroic effort there are still areas of persistent uncertainty such as the obscurity surrounding total compared with digestible calcium, appropriate modification to dietary sodium (and other electrolyte) concentrations, the usefulness of the amino acid and energy digestibility improvements and ultimately the effect of phytase on nutrient requi