Global change in day-old broiler chick vaccination practices

In global chicken farming, other than avian influenza, Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) are considered the most economically important diseases. According to evidence-based publications and survey results, global day-old broiler chick vaccination practice has been shifting from IBMass+ND to co-vaccination with IBMass+IBVariant+ND. ND and IB are caused by a paramyxovirus and coronavirus respectively. Notably, mortality of 80-100% and 25-80% have been reported for ND and IB